Retrospective Inspection and Dissemination Pattern of Common Metabolic Ailments among Hilly and Tarai Region Goats of Uttarakhand

Goats are considered as an important animal not in present scenario but also from ancient time. Due to increasing frugal interest of goat farming globally, profound animal husbandry practices are attaining importance under the target of obtaining quality products along with good animal health and welfare. During the transition phase of life, noticeable alterations in the endocrine and metabolic status of the dairy ruminants were registered. Among small ruminants i.e. goat’s hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia/Pregnancy toxemia and hypomagnesaemia are the common metabolic disorders which normally precipitated during metabolic anxiety phase. The present study was conducted during the period of 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. During this period we had registered total 957 goats at Kalsi, Chakrata areas of district Dehradun, Chorgalia, Kotabagh, Kaladhungi areas of district Nainital and Shetlai, Pantnagar, Bazpur areas of district Uddham Singh Nagar beside this we had also included the concerned cases from Government Veterinary Hospital Outpatient departments (OPDs) of the above said areas in Uttarakhand. In the present study, we had performed a prevalence study over common occurring metabolic diseases of goats like hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia/pregnancy toxemia and hypomagnesaemia. Besides this, we had also studied the dissemination pattern of common occurring metabolic diseases on the basis of their age groups and parity

Working conditions and health among employees at information technology--enabled services: a review of current evidence.

Workers in information technology (IT)-enabled services like business process outsourcing and call centers working with visual display units are reported to have various health and psycho-social disorders. Evidence from previously published studies in peer- reviewed journals and internet sources were examined to explore health disorders and psycho-social problems among personnel employed in IT-based services, for a systematic review on the topic. In addition, authors executed a questionnaire- based pilot study. The available literature and the pilot study, both suggest health disorders and psychosocial problems among workers of business process outsourcing. The details are discussed in the review.

An environmental profile of brick kilns in Lucknow.

Twenty two kilns in Lucknow were studied to identify the environmental hazards posed by the brick kilns and to quantify the environmental degradation which could be attributed to this industry. Study variables comprised SPM and RSPM levels, metal concentrations and total silica content in soil, temperature, humidity and noise levels in the work environment. Information's about the nature and type of kiln, fuel and water sources was also collected. 18.18 per cent of the kilns had moving steel chimneys with less than prescribed height. Approximately 1.89 + 0.87 acre of fertile agricultural land was used for manufacturing of clay brick per kiln, resulting in land degradation decrease in herb density and nutrient disorders in plants/trees in immediate vicinity. SPM level (93.3 mg/m3) was found to be much higher than the prescribed limit. The workers engaged in these kilns were at risk from dust and heat related diseases.

Lung function norms in healthy working women.

Two hundred seventy four healthy working women subjects representing different states were subjected to pulmonary function testing to establish linear multiple regression model. Lung functions were considered as dependent variables while age, height and weight as independent variables. Highly significant negative correlation of all lung function parameters with age and positive correlations with height and weight were observed. Females showed a decline of 0.203, 0.199 and 0.210 litres per decade in FVC, FEV0.75 and FEV1.0 parameters respectively. An increase in FVC, FEV0.75 and FEV1.0 values was found to be 0.0217, 0.0132 and 0.0178 litres respectively per unit centimeter increase in height.

Multivariate analysis of byssinosis risk assessment.

Multiple logistic regression model was used considering byssinosis as an independent variable, and dustiness, smoking, exposure years and age as explanatory variables. Dustiness and length of exposure to the dust were found to be the most important contributory factors to byssinosis prevalence. The risk of byssinosis among workers in card room, blow room and waste plant sections and those who had exposure of more than 5 years was nearly three times than that among workers of other sections of the mill and/or with less than 5 years of exposure.

Occupational morbidity among children employed in brassware industry.

Fifty seven male children between ages of 10-16 years engaged in the brassware industry at Moradabad in Northern India were studied for occupational morbidity. The finding were compared with those obtained in the children (n = 29) engaged in other ancillary units which did not involve exposure to the metal fumes and dust in their work environment. The study showed a high prevalence of respiratory morbidity in the children engaged in the main units in comparison to those employed in the ancillary units (40.3 vs 27.6%; p less than 0.05). This was associated with significantly higher prevalence of pulmonary impairment in the former group (21.0%) particularly demonstrating restrictive ventilatory abnormality (10.5%) followed by bronchial obstruction (7.0%). The high respiratory morbidity may be attributed to chronic exposure to the fumes and dust of the metals such as nickel, chromium and cadmium. The children employed in the ancillary as well as in the main units showed high prevalences of musculo-skeletal disorders (27.6 and 22.8%) which may be caused by sustained faulty posture adopted during work and physical stress.

Changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity and blood gases in chronic obstructive lung diseases.

Pulmonary diffusing capacity (TLco) of 19 cases of chronic obstructive lung diseases (Chronic obstructive bronchitis and chronic obstructive emphysema) in the age group of 39 to 58 years (mean age: 49.8 +/- 5.5 SD years) are reported at rest in this investigation. The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (TLco) measured by standard methods was significantly reduced in all cases. The mean was 13.1 +/- 2.3 SD ml/min/mmHg. The blood gas findings revealed low arterial oxygen saturation (mean value: 90.2 +/- 2.2%). Arterial carbon dioxide tension was higher than in normal subjects. The mean for this series was 44.8 +/- 4.9 SD mmHg. The mean for normal subjects was 37.5 mmHg and the range 28.2 to 41.5.

Pneumoconiosis risk assessment in agate workers--multiple logistic model.

A multivariate logistic model for measuring and comparing pneumoconiosis risk is described. In the first stage variables are screened on the basis of contributed variability via Pearson Chi Square statistic. Age, dust years and pack years so chosen as explanatory variables are fitted in the above model. The coefficients are estimated as linear discriminant function co-efficient. The model gives quite a good fit between observed and expected frequencies. Dust years discriminate maximum between the normal and pneumoconiosis group. Nearly sixty per cent of the variation is explained by these variables.

Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes.

Studies were conducted to evaluate pulmonary functions in Indian athletes and sportsmen associated with different athletic events and games. It was found that swimmers were having significantly higher vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) values than all other athletic groups studied. Results have been discussed keeping in view the physiological, functional and structural demands in various events. Pulmonary function values of Indian athletes have also been compared with American athletes of standardized height for a better appraisal of athletic potentiality in our athletes. The importance of athletic training from childhood have been ascribed to be the reason for superior lung volumes and capacities in US athletes.

Cardiac output of Indian men by a non-invasive method the Indirect Fick Principle.

The cardiac-output (Q) of seven young healthy Indians with common physical characteristics at rest and after a single bout of exercise of 600 kpm for 10 min on a bicycle ergometer was ascertained by the Indirect Fick Principle. The end tidal alveolar Co2 pressure was obtained at the end of a normal expiration and PvCo2 was obtained by the help of the exponential rise (Defares method) in Co2 concentration during rebreathing from an initially low Co2 in O2 mixture (3-4%). The standard Co2 dissociation curve of oxygenated blood was used to find out the corresponding arterial and venous Co2 content, assuming the Hb content of these individuals to be normal. The mean value of the Cardiac-Output so obtained during rest is 4.21 liters/min when Co2 rebreathing time does not exceed 10 secs, and 17.33 litres/min., 2 to 3 breaths after exercise, when rebreathing time did not exceed 5 to 7 secs. Repeated studies and better training of the subjects will perhaps improve the resting values, while after exercise and during recovery our values are better reproducible.